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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Amendment Effects on Soil Test Phosphorus

D. Brauer^a,*, G. E. Aiken^b, D. H. Pote^a, S. J. Livingston^c, L. D. Norton^c, T. R. Way^d and J. H. Edwards

^a USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR 72927
^b USDA-ARS, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY 40506
^c USDA-ARS, National Soil Erosion Lab., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196
^d USDA-ARS, National Soil Dynamics Lab., Auburn, AL 36832-5806

^* Corresponding author (dbrauer{at}spa.ars.usda.gov)

Received for publication October 4, 2004. Applications of animal manures have increased soil test P values in many parts of the USA and thus increased the risk that soil P will be transferred to surface water and decrease water quality. To continue farming these areas, landowners need tools to reduce the risk of P losses. A field experiment was conducted near Kurten, TX, on a Zulch fine sandy loam (thermic Udertic Paleustalfs) with Bray-1 P values exceeding 3000 mg P kg^–1 soil (dry wt.) in the A_p horizon to evaluate the effectiveness of soil amendments for reducing soil test P values. Soils were amended annually from 1999 to 2001 with 1.5 and 5.0 Mg gypsum ha^–1, 1.4 Mg alum ha^–1, or 24.4 Mg ha^–1 of waste paper product high in Al alone or in combination with 1.5 Mg gypsum ha^–1 and/or 1.4 Mg alum ha^–1. These treatments supplied a maximum of 225 and 1163 kg ha^–1 yr^–1 of Al and Ca, respectively. Soil Bray-1 P and dissolved reactive P levels were monitored from 1999 to 2004. None of the soil amendment treatments affected Bray-1 P values. Only annual additions of 5.0 Mg gypsum ha^–1 from 1999 to 2001 significantly reduced soil dissolved reactive P. Dissolved reactive P levels reached minimal levels after two applications of 5.0 Mg gypsum ha^–1 but increased in 2003 and 2004. These results indicate that soil dissolved reactive P levels can be reduced if sufficient amounts of gypsum were added to supply Ca in amounts similar to the soil test P values.

Abbreviations: DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • STP, soil test phosphorus

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JEQ 2005 34: v. [Full Text]  

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