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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Impact of Soil Amendments on Reducing Phosphorus Losses from Runoff in Sod

^a USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, 411 South Donahue Drive, Auburn, AL 36832-5806
^b USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH 43210
^c USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Research Laboratory, 808 East Blackland Road, Temple, TX 76502

^* Corresponding author (atorbert{at}ars.usda.gov)

Received for publication December 22, 2004. Research was initiated to study the interaction between soil amendments (lime, gypsum, and ferrous sulfate) and dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus [RP_(<0.45)] losses from manure applications from concentrated runoff flow through a sod surface. Four run-over boxes (2.2-m² surface area) were prepared for each treatment with a bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] sod surface (using sod blocks) and composted dairy manure was surface-applied at rates of 0, 4.5, 9, or 13.5 Mg ha^–1. The three soil amendments were then applied to the boxes. Two 30-min runoff events were conducted and runoff water was collected at 10-min intervals and analyzed for RP_(<0.45). Results indicated that the addition of ferrous sulfate was very effective at reducing the level of RP_(<0.45). in runoff water, reducing RP_(<0.45) from 1.3 mg L^–1 for the highest compost rate with no amendment to 0.2 mg L^–1 for the ferrous sulfate in the first 10 min of runoff. Lime and gypsum showed a small impact on reducing RP_(<0.45), with a reduction in the first 10 min to 0.9 and 0.8 mg L^–1, respectively. The ferrous sulfate reduced the RP_(<0.45) in the tank at the end of the first runoff event by 66.3% compared with no amendment. In the second runoff event, the ferrous sulfate was very effective at reducing RP_(<0.45) in runoff, with no significant differences in RP_(<0.45) with application of 13.5 Mg ha^–1 compost compared with no manure application. The results indicate that the addition of ferrous sulfate may greatly reduce RP_(<0.45) losses in runoff and has considerable potential to be used on pasture, turfgrass, and filter strips to reduce the initial RP_(<0.45) losses from manure application to the environment.

Abbreviations: RP_(<0.45), dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus filtered through a 0.45-µm membrane