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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Bioremediation and Biodegradation

Maximum Rates of Nitrate Removal in a Denitrification Wall

^a Landcare Research NZ Ltd, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton, New Zealand
^b Now at Department of Earth Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
^c Aqualinc Research Ltd, Private Bag 14041 Enderley, Hamilton, New Zealand

^* Corresponding author (L.schipper{at}Waikato.ac.nz)

Received for publication January 11, 2005. Denitrification walls are constructed by mixing a carbon source such as sawdust into soils through which ground water passes. These systems can reduce nitrate inputs to receiving waters by enhancing denitrification. Maximum rates of nitrate removal by denitrification need to be determined for design purposes. To determine maximum rates of nitrate removal we added excess nitrate (50 mg N L^–1) to a trench up-gradient of a denitrification wall during a 9-d trial. Bromide (100 g L^–1) was also added as a conservative tracer. Movement of nitrate and bromide was measured from shallow wells and soil samples were removed for measurements of denitrification, carbon availability, nitrate, and other microbial parameters. Rates of nitrate removal, determined from the ratio of NO₃–N to Br and ground water flow, averaged 1.4 g N m^–3 of wall d^–1 and were markedly greater than denitrification rates determined using the acetylene block technique (average: 0.11 g N m^–3 of wall d^–1). These nitrate removal rates were generally lower than reported in other denitrification walls. Denitrification rates increased when nitrate was added to the laboratory incubations, indicating that despite large nitrate inputs in the field, denitrification remained limited by nitrate. This limitation was partially attributed to nitrate predominantly moving through zones of greater hydraulic conductivity or in the mobile fraction of the ground water and slow diffusion to the immobile fraction where denitrifiers were active.