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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Phosphorus Leaching at Cold Temperatures as Affected by Wastewater Application and Soil Phosphorus Levels

^a Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
^b Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108

^* Corresponding author (mmamo3{at}unl.edu)

Received for publication September 2, 2004. Land application of wastewater in the northern-tier United States during winter months has been suggested as a means to reduce cost of building storage lagoons. A study was initiated in 1996 to assess land application of potato-processing wastewater on a 120-ha field at Park Rapids, MN. One objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil P levels and temperature on P leaching in soil columns. In this paper, we report the P sorption, desorption, and leaching characteristics of a high-P (>200 mg kg^–1) and a low-P (<25 mg kg^–1) surface soil from the wastewater irrigation site. The leaching experiment was done with wastewater at 4 ± 2 or 10 ± 2°C. The high-P soil resulted in an equilibrium P concentration of 8.0 mg L^–1 compared with 0.14 mg L^–1 for the low-P soil. When low-P wastewater was applied to the high-P soil, the soil acted as a P source, and the total phosphorus (TP) concentration in the leachate was 3.5 times higher than the input TP concentration (C₀). When high-P wastewater was applied to the high-P soil, the soil acted as a P sink retarding the TP concentration in the leachate by 80%. Phosphorus desorption was higher at 10°C compared with 4°C. The results showed that depending on P levels of the soil and the wastewater, reduction or increase in leachate P will occur below the surface soil. However, further mobility of this P under field conditions will depend on the volume and rate of percolating water as well as the sorption–desorption characteristics of the subsoil.

Abbreviations: BTC, breakthrough curve • C, output or leachate concentration of phosphorus forms and/or bromide • C₀, input concentration of phosphorus forms and/or bromide • DPS, degree of phosphorus saturation calculated as P_ox/[0.5(Fe_ox + Al_ox)] • DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • DUP, dissolved unreactive phosphorus • EPC, equilibrium phosphorus concentration • FeO-P, phosphorus extracted by iron oxide–impregnated filter paper • MPCA, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency • PEBC, phosphorus equilibrium buffering capacity • P_ox, Fe_ox, and Al_ox, acid ammonium oxalate–extractable phosphorus, iron, and aluminum, respectively • TP, total phosphorus

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