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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Movement of Lagoon-Liquor Constituents below Four Animal-Waste Lagoons

^a Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
^b Now with the USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011

^* Corresponding author (gmp{at}ksu.edu)

Received for publication July 30, 2004. Movement of liquor constituents from animal-waste lagoons has the potential to degrade ground water quality. The depth of movement and concentrations of lagoon-liquor constituents in the soil underlying three cattle (Bos taurus)-waste retention lagoons and one swine (Sus scrofa)-waste lagoon were determined. Samples were taken by using a direct-push coring machine, dissected by depth, and analyzed for total N, organic C, CaCO₃, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), texture, and extractable NO₃, NH₄, P, Cl, Ca, Mg, K, and Na. Ammonium N concentrations were greatest in the upper 0.5 m of soil under all four lagoons with concentrations ranging from 94 to 1139 mg kg^–1. Organic N was determined to make up between 39 and 74% of the total N beneath all lagoons. The swine lagoon had 2.4 kg N m^–2 in the underlying soil whereas the cattle lagoon with highest quantity of N had 1.2 kg N m^–2 in the underlying soil. Although N concentrations decreased with depth, N was greater than expected background levels at the bottom of some cores, indicating that the sampling efforts did not reach the bottom of the N plume. Nitrate N concentrations were generally less than 5 mg kg^–1 immediately below the lagoon floor. In the uppermost 0.5 m of soil underlying the swine and three cattle lagoons, NH₄⁺ occupied 44% and between 1 and 22% of the soil cation exchange sites, respectively. The depth of movement of N under these lagoons, as much as 4 m, may pose remediation difficulties at lagoon closure.

Abbreviations: CEC, cation exchange capacity • SEM, standard error of the mean

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