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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Phosphorus Extractability of Soils Amended with Stockpiled and Composted Cattle Manure

^a USDA-ARS, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012-0010
^b USDA-ARS, BARC-East, AMBL, Building 306, Room 102, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350

^* Corresponding author (rschwart{at}cprl.ars.usda.gov)

Received for publication August 13, 2004. Managing fertilizer applications to maintain soil P below environmentally unacceptable levels should consider the contribution of manure and synthetic fertilizer sources to soluble and extractable forms of P. Our objective was to evaluate soil and manure characteristics and application rates on P extractability in recently amended soils. Five soils of the U.S. southern High Plains were amended with beef cattle manures, composted beef manure, and inorganic fertilizers [Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ or KH₂PO₄] at five rates and incubated under controlled conditions. Mehlich 3–, Olsen (NaHCO₃)–, Texas A&M extractant (TAM)–, and water-extractable P were determined for the soils after selected incubation periods. Except for TAM and some water extractions, P extractability as a function of total P applied was linear (P < 0.001) for a wide range of application rates. Mehlich-3, NaHCO₃, and water P extraction efficiencies of KH₂PO₄–amended soils averaged 22, 34, and 115% greater (P 0.036), respectively, than efficiencies of soils amended with manures except for the Texline (calcareous) loam and Pullman clay loam soils. Phosphorus extraction efficiencies decreased with time for KH₂PO₄–amended soils (P < 0.05) but remained stable or increased for manure-amended soils during the 8-wk incubation period. Across all soils and manure sources, changes in water-extractable P per unit increase in Mehlich 3–, NaHCO₃–, and TAM-extractable P averaged 100, 85, and 125% greater, respectively, for inorganic as compared with manure-amended soils. These source-dependent relationships limit the use of agronomic soil extractants to make correct inferences about water-extractable P and dissolved P in runoff.

Abbreviations: CEC, cation exchange capacity • DRP, dissolved molybdate-reactive phosphorus • E_P, efficiency of phosphorus extraction • TAM, Texas A&M extractant

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This Issue in Journal of Environmental Quality

JEQ 2005 34: ix. [Full Text]  

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