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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

A Method for Determining the Phosphorus Sorption Capacity and Amorphous Aluminum of Aluminum-Based Drinking Water Treatment Residuals

School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210

^* Corresponding author (Dayton.15{at}osu.edu)

Received for publication June 13, 2004. A high amorphous aluminum or iron oxide content in drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs) can result in a high phosphorus (P) sorption capacity. Therefore, WTR may be used beneficially to adsorb P and reduce P loss to surface or ground water. The strong relationship between acid ammonium oxalate–extractable aluminum (Al_ox) and Langmuir phosphorus adsorption maximum (P_max) in WTR could provide a useful tool for determining P_max without the onus of the multipoint batch equilibrations necessary for the Langmuir model. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and/or modify an acid ammonium oxalate extraction of Al_ox and the experimental conditions used to generate P adsorption isotherms to strengthen the relationship between Al_ox and P_max. The oxalate extraction solution to WTR ratio varied from 40:1, 100:1, and 200:1. Batch equilibration conditions were also varied. The WTR particle size was reduced from <2 mm to <150 µm, and batch equilibration was extended from 17 h to 6 d. Increasing the solution to WTR ratio to 100:1 extracted significantly greater Al_ox at levels of >50 mg Al kg^–1. No additional increase was found at 200:1. Reducing WTR particle size from <2 mm to <150 µm increased P_max 2.46-fold. Extending the equilibration time from 17 h to 6 d increased P_max by a mean of 5.83-fold. The resulting empirical regression equation between the optimized Al_ox and P_max (r² = 0.91, significant at the 0.001 probability level) may provide a tool to estimate the P_max of Al-based WTR simply by measuring Al_ox. The accurate determination of WTR P_max and Al_ox is essential in using WTR effectively to reduce P loss in runoff or to reduce the solubility of P in agricultural soils or organic waste materials (biosolids, manure).

Abbreviations: Al_ox, acid ammonium oxalate–extractable aluminum • Fe_ox, acid ammonium oxalate–extractable iron • P_max, Langmuir phosphorus adsorption maximum • P_ox, acid ammonium oxalate–extractable phosphorus • PSI, phosphorus saturation index • WTR, water treatment residual

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