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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Surface Water Quality

Phytase Supplementation and Reduced-Phosphorus Turkey Diets Reduce Phosphorus Loss in Runoff following Litter Application

^a Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
^b Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
^c Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907

^* Corresponding author (rory_maguire{at}ncsu.edu)

Received for publication April 6, 2004. Concerns about regional surpluses of manure phosphorus (P) leading to increased P losses in runoff have led to interest in diet modification to reduce P concentrations in diets. The objectives of this study were to investigate how dietary P amendment affected P concentrations in litters and P losses in runoff following land application. We grew two flocks of turkeys on the same bed of litter using diets with two levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), with and without phytase. The litters were incorporated into three soils in runoff boxes at a plant-available nitrogen (PAN) rate of 168 kg PAN/ha, with runoff generated on Days 1 and 7 under simulated rainfall and analyzed for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and total P. Litters were analyzed for water-soluble phosphorus (WSP) and total P, while soils in the runoff boxes were analyzed for WSP and Mehlich-3 phosphorus (M3-P). Formulating diets with lower NPP and phytase both decreased litter total P. Phytase had no significant effect on litter WSP at a 1:200 litter to water extraction ratio, but decreased WSP at a 1:10 extraction ratio. Using a combination of reducing NPP fed and phytase decreased the total P application rate by up to 38% and the P in surplus of crop removal by approximately 48%. Reducing the NPP fed reduced DRP in runoff from litter-amended soils at Day 1, while phytase had no effect on DRP concentrations. Increase in soil M3-P was dependent on total P applied, irrespective of diet. Reducing overfeeding of NPP and utilizing phytase in diets for turkeys should decrease the buildup of P in soils in areas of intensive poultry production, without increasing short-term concerns about dissolved P losses.

Abbreviations: DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • M3-Al, M3-Ca, M3-Fe, and M3-P, Mehlich 3–extractable aluminum, calcium, iron, and phosphorus, respectively • M3-PSR, Mehlich-3 phosphorus saturation ratio calculated as the molar ratio of M3-P to (M3-Al + M3-Fe) • NPP, non-phytate phosphorus • PAN, plant-available nitrogen • TSP, triple superphosphate • WSP, water-soluble phosphorus

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