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a USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341
b Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, 106 Newell Hall, P.O. Box 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611
c Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8
* Corresponding author (leytem{at}nwisrl.ars.usda.gov)
Received for publication April 28, 2004. Including low-phytic-acid grains in swine diets can reduce P concentrations in manure, but the influence on manure P composition is relatively unknown. To address this we analyzed manure from swine fed one of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties. The barley types consisted of wild-type barley (CDC bold, normal barley diet) and three low-phytic-acid mutant barleys that contained similar amounts of total P but less phytic acid. The phytic acid concentrations in the mutant barleys were reduced by 32% (M422), 59% (M635), and 97% (M955) compared with that in the wild-type barley, respectively. Phosphorus concentrations were approximately one-third less in manures from animals fed low-phytic-acid barleys compared with those fed the wild-type variety. Phytic acid constituted up to 55% of the P in feed, but only trace concentrations were detected in NaOH–EDTA extracts of all manures by solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Phosphate was the major P fraction in the manures (86–94% extracted P), with small concentrations of pyrophosphate and simple phosphate monoesters also present. The latter originated mainly from the hydrolysis of phospholipids during extraction and analysis. These results suggest that phytic acid is hydrolyzed in swine, possibly in the hind gut by intestinal microflora before being excreted in feces, even though the animals have little phytase activity in the gut and derive little nutritional benefit from phytate P. We conclude that feeding low-phytic-acid grains reduces total manure P concentrations and the manure P is no more soluble than P generated from normal barley diets.
Abbreviations: NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
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