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Published in J. Environ. Qual. 33:1845-1854 (2004).
© ASA, CSSA, SSSA
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA

TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Effect of Poultry Diet on Phosphorus in Runoff from Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Compost

P. A. Vadasa,*, J. J. Meisingerb, L. J. Sikorab, J. P. McMurtryb and A. E. Seftonc

a PSWMRU, Building 3702, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802
b USDA-ARS-ANRI-GBL, B-200, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
c Alltech Canada, 20 Cutten Place, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 4Z7

* Corresponding author (Peter.Vadas{at}ars.usda.gov).

Received for publication June 25, 2003. Phosphorus in runoff from fields where poultry litter is surface-applied is an environmental concern. We investigated the effect of adding phytase and reducing supplemental P in poultry diets and composting poultry manures, with and without Fe and Al amendments, on P in manures, composts, and runoff. We used four diets: normal (no phytase) with 0.4% supplemental P, normal + phytase, phytase + 0.3% P, and phytase + 0.2% P. Adding phytase and decreasing supplemental P in diets reduced total P but increased water-extractable P in manure. Compared with manures, composting reduced both total P, due to dilution of manure with woodchips and straw, and water-extractable P, but beyond a dilution effect so that the ratio of water-extractable P to total P was less in compost than manure. Adding Fe and Al during composting did not consistently change total P or water-extractable P. Manures and composts were surface-applied to soil boxes at a rate of 50 kg total P ha–1 and subjected to simulated rainfall, with runoff collected for 30 min. For manures, phytase and decreased P in diets had no significant effect on total P or molybdate-reactive P loads (kg ha–1) in runoff. Composting reduced total P and molybdate-reactive P loads in runoff, and adding Fe and Al to compost reduced total P but not molybdate-reactive P loads in runoff. Molybdate-reactive P in runoff (mg box–1) was well correlated to water-extractable P applied to boxes (mg box–1) in manures and composts. Therefore, the final environmental impact of dietary phytase will depend on the management of poultry diets, manure, and farm-scale P balances.


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