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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Determination of Phosphorus Source Coefficients for Organic Phosphorus Sources

Laboratory Studies

^a USDA-ARS, North West Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341-5076
^b Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303
^c Dep. of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4452

^* Corresponding author (leytem{at}nwisrl.ars.usda.gov).

Received for publication February 27, 2003. Phosphorus losses in runoff from application of manures and biosolids to agricultural land are implicated in the degradation of water quality in the Chesapeake and Delaware Inland Bays. We conducted an incubation study to determine the relative P solubility and bioavailability, referred to as P source coefficients (PSCs), for organic P sources, which are typically land-applied in the Mid-Atlantic USA. Nine organic and one inorganic (KH₂PO₄) P amendments were applied to an Evesboro loamy sand (mesic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments) at a rate of 60 mg P kg^–1 and incubated for 8 wk with subsamples analyzed at 2 and 8 wk. There was an increase in Mehlich-3 P (M3-P), water-soluble P (WS-P), iron-oxide strip extractable P (FeO-P), and Mehlich-3 P saturation ratio (M3-PSR) with P additions, which varied by P source. The trend of relative extractable WS-P, FeO-P, and M3-P generally followed the pattern: inorganic P > liquid and deep pit manures > manures and biosolids treated with metal salts or composted. We found significant differences in the availability of P from varying organic P sources. The use of PSCs may be beneficial when determining the risk of P losses from land application of manures and other organic P sources and could be used in risk assessments such as a P site index. These PSCs may also be useful for determining P application rates when organic P sources are applied to P deficient soils for use as a fertilizer source.

Abbreviations: BL, broiler litter • BLA, broiler litter with alum • BP, Blue Plains • BR, Back River • DE, Delaware • DBC, dairy/beef compost • DBL, dairy/beef liquid • DBS, dairy/beef solid • DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • FeO-P, iron-oxide strip extractable phosphorus • ICP–AES, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy • LP, Little Patuxent • M3-P, Mehlich-3 extractable phosphorus • M3-PSR, Mehlich-3 phosphorus saturation ratio • MD, Maryland • PA, Pennsylvania • PDP, poultry—deep pit • PSC, phosphorus source coefficients • PSI, phosphorus site index • RPE, relative phosphorus extractability • SF, swine—fresh • SL, swine—liquid • TP, total phosphorus • WS-P, water soluble phosphorus • WWTP, wastewater treatment plant

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