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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Plant and Environment Interactions

Biogeochemistry of Fluoride in a Plant–Solution System

Plants, Soils, and Biometeorology Dep., Utah State Univ., Logan UT 84322-4820

^* Corresponding author (cmackow{at}cc.usu.edu).

Received for publication June 29, 2002. Fluoride (F^-) pollutants can harm plants and the animals feeding on them. However, it is largely unknown how complexing and chelating agents affect F bioavailability. Two studies were conducted that measured F^- bioavailability and uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). In the first study, rice was grown in solution culture (pH 5.0) with 0, 2, or 4 mM F^- as KF to compare the interaction of F^- with humic acid (HA) and with a conventional chelating agent, N-hydroxyethylenthylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA). In the second study, F was supplied at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mM KF with an additional 2 mM F^- treatment containing solution Ca at 2x (2 mM Ca) the level used in the first study, to test the effect added Ca had on F^- availability and uptake. Total biomass was greatest with HEDTA and F^- < 1 mM. Leaf and stem F concentrations increased exponentially as solution F^- increased linearly, with nearly no F partitioning into the seed. Results suggest that F was taken up as HF⁰ while F^- uptake was likely restricted. Additionally, F^- competed with HA for Ca, thus preventing the formation of Ca–HA flocculents. The addition of soluble Ca resulted in the precipitation of CaF₂ solids on the root surface, as determined by tissue analysis and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Abbreviations: DAT, days after transplanting • DOC, dissolved organic carbon • EDX, energy dispersive X-ray • HA, humic acid • HEDTA, N-hydroxyethylenthylenediaminetriacetic acid • NC, no chelate

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