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Bioremediation and Biodegradation

Mineralization of Soil-Aged Isoproturon and Isoproturon Metabolites by Sphingomonas sp. Strain SRS2

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Dep. of Geochemistry, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark

^* Corresponding author (jeaa{at}geus.dk)

Received for publication September 24, 2002. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of aging of the herbicide isoproturon and its metabolites monodesmethyl-isoproturon and 4-isopropyl-aniline in agricultural soil on their availability to the degrading bacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain SRS2. The ¹⁴C-ring-labeled isoproturon, monodesmethyl-isoproturon, and 4-isopropyl-aniline were added to sterilized soil and stored for 1, 49, 71, or 131 d before inoculation with strain SRS2. The availability of the compounds was estimated from the initial mineralization and the amount of ¹⁴CO₂ recovered after 120 d of incubation. Aging in soil for 131 d reduced the initial mineralization of isoproturon and monodesmethyl-isoproturon and, in the case of isoproturon, also reduced the recovery of ¹⁴CO₂. Initial mineralization and recovery of ¹⁴CO₂ from aged 4-isopropyl-aniline were slightly reduced, but less ¹⁴CO₂ was generally produced than with isoproturon or monodesmethyl-isoproturon. Thus, recovery of ¹⁴CO₂ from ¹⁴C-isoproturon and ¹⁴C-monodesmethyl-isoproturon was 50.7 to 64.4% of the initially added ¹⁴C, while recovery from ¹⁴C-4-isopropyl-aniline was only 11.7 to 17.0%. Sorption measurements revealed similar Freundlich constants (K_f) for isoproturon and monodesmethyl-isoproturon, whereas K_f for 4-isopropyl-aniline was more than fivefold greater. The findings imply that in soil, partial degradation of isoproturon to 4-isopropyl-aniline may lead to reduced mineralization of the herbicide due to sorption of the aniline moiety.

Abbreviations: 4IA, 4-isopropyl-aniline • IPU, isoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] • MDIPU, monodesmethyl-isoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-methylurea]

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