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TECHNICAL REPORTS
Atmospheric Pollutants and Trace Gases

Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions and Mineral Nitrogen Transformations as Affected by Reclaimed Effluent Application

^a The Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel
^b Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK

^* Corresponding author (master{at}tx.technion.ac.il)

Received for publication October 31, 2002. Irrigation with reclaimed effluent (RE) is essential in arid and semiarid regions. Reclaimed effluent has the potential to stimulate gaseous N losses and affect other soil N processes. No direct measurements of the N₂ and N₂O emissions from Mediterranean soils have been conducted so far. We used the ¹⁵N gas flux method in a field and a laboratory experiment to study the effect of RE irrigation on gaseous N losses and other N transformations in a Grumosol (Chromoxerert) soil. The fluxes of N₂, N₂O, and NH₃ were measured from six Grumosol lysimeters following application of either fresh water or RE. The N fertilizer was applied either as ¹⁵NH₄ or ¹⁵NO₃. Only up to 0.3% from the applied N fertilizer was lost as N₂O + NH₃. Reclaimed effluent enhanced the losses of NH₃, but did not affect those of N₂O. Nitrification and denitrification were equally important to N₂O production. Laboratory incubations were performed to both confirm the influence of the irrigation water type and to test the effect of moisture content. Significant quantities of N₂ and N₂O (up to 3.1% of the applied fertilizer) were emitted from saturated soils. Reclaimed effluent application did not induce higher N₂O emissions, yet significantly more (approximately 33%) N₂ was emitted from RE-irrigated soils. Denitrification contributed up to 75% of the N₂O amounts emitted from saturated soils. Reclaimed effluent application inhibited nitrification in the Grumosol by 15 to 25% and induced NO₂ accumulation in soils incubated at a field-capacity moisture content.

Abbreviations: FW, fresh water • IRMS, isotope ratio mass spectrometer • OM, organic matter • RE, reclaimed effluent

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