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TECHNICAL REPORTS
Ground Water Quality

Nitrate Leaching and Nitrogen Recovery Following Application of Polyolefin-Coated Urea to Potato

USDA-ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Room 439, St. Paul, MN 55108-6028

^* Corresponding author (crosen{at}soils.umn.edu)

Received for publication February 11, 2002. High N fertilizer and irrigation amounts applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on coarse-textured soils often result in nitrate (NO₃) leaching and low recovery of applied fertilizer N. This 3-yr study compared the effects of two rates (140 and 280 kg N ha^-1) of a single polyolefin-coated urea (PCU) application versus split applications of urea on ‘Russet Burbank’ potato yield and on NO₃ leaching and N recovery efficiency (RE) on a loamy sand. Standard irrigation was applied in all years and excessive irrigation was used in another experiment in the third year. At the recommended rate of 280 kg N ha^-1, NO₃ leaching during the growing season was 34 to 49% lower with PCU than three applications of urea. Under standard irrigation in the third year, leaching from five applications of urea (280 kg N ha^-1) was 38% higher than PCU. Under leaching conditions in the first year (25 mm drainage water in at least one 24-h period) and excessive irrigation in the third year, PCU at 280 kg N ha^-1 improved total and marketable tuber yields by 12 to 19% compared with three applications of urea. Fertilizer N RE estimated by the difference and ¹⁵N isotope methods at the 280 kg N ha^-1 rate was, on average, higher with PCU (mean 50%) than urea (mean 43%). Fertilizer N RE values estimated by the isotope method (mean 51%) were greater than those estimated by the difference method (mean 47%). Results from this study indicate that PCU can reduce leaching and improve N recovery and tuber yield during seasons with high leaching.

Abbreviations: CRF, controlled-release fertilizer • DAP, days after planting • PCU, polyolefin-coated urea • RE, recovery efficiency

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