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TECHNICAL REPORTS
Landscape and Watershed Processes

Estimating Runoff Phosphorus Losses from Calcareous Soils in the Minnesota River Basin

^a Graduate Program in Water Resources Science, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
^b Dep. of Civil Engineering and Water Resources Center, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
^c Water Resources Center, 173 McNeal Hall, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
^d Dep. of Soil, Water and Climate, Univ. of Minnesota, MN 55108

* Corresponding author (brezo001{at}umn.edu)

Received for publication July 15, 2001. Bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) in stormwater runoff is a key issue for control of eutrophication in agriculturally impacted watersheds. Laboratory experiments were conducted in soil runoff boxes to determine BAP content in simulated storm runoff in 10 (mostly) calcareous soils from the Minnesota River basin in southern Minnesota. The soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) portion of the runoff BAP was significantly correlated with soil Mehlich-III P, Olsen P, and water-extractable P (all r² > 0.90 and p < 0.001). A linear relationship (r² = 0.88, p < 0.001) also was obtained between SRP in runoff and the phosphorus saturation index based on sorptivity (PSI_s) calculated with sorptivity as a measure of the inherent soil P sorption capacity. Runoff levels of BAP estimated with iron oxide–impregnated paper were predicted well by various soil test P methods and the PSI_s of the soils, but correlation coefficients between these variables and runoff BAP were generally lower than those for runoff SRP. Using these relationships and critical BAP levels for stream eutrophication, we found corresponding critical levels of soil Mehlich-III P and Olsen P (which should not be exceeded) to be 65 to 85 and 40 to 55 mg kg^-1, respectively.

Abbreviations: BAP, bioavailable phosphorus • EPC, equilibrium phosphorus concentration • PP, particulate phosphorus • PSI_m, phosphorus saturation index based on sorption maximum • PSI_s, phosphorus saturation index based on sorptivity • SRP, soluble reactive phosphorus • STP, soil test phosphorus • TP, total phosphorus • TSS, total suspended sediment

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