HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (2) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kongoli, C.E. Articles by Bland, W.L. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kongoli, C.E. Articles by Bland, W.L. GeoRef GeoRef Citation Agricola Articles by Kongoli, C.E. Articles by Bland, W.L. Related Collections Animal Waste Surface Water Quality Watershed and Landscape Processes Best Management Practices Phosphorus

TECHNICAL REPORTS
Landscape and Watershed Processes

Influence of Manure Application on Surface Energy and Snow Cover

Model Development and Sensitivities

^a NOAA/NESDIS/ORA, Atmospheric Research and Applications Division, 5200 Auth Rd., Rm. 601/WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
^b Dep. of Soil Science, 1525 Observatory Drive, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1299

* Corresponding author (Cezar.Kongoli{at}noaa.gov)

Received for publication October 23, 2000. Winter landspreading is an important part of manure management in the U.S. Upper Midwest. Although the practice is thought to lead to excessive P runoff losses, surprisingly little has been learned from field experiments or current water quality models. We captured knowledge gained from winter manure landspreading experiments by modifying a mechanistic snow ablation model to include manure. The physically based, modified model simulated the observed delay in snow cover disappearance and surface energy balance changes caused by application of the manure. Additional model simulations of surface energy balance estimates of radiation and turbulent fluxes showed that during intense melting events the manure on top of snow significantly reduced the energy available for melt of the snow underneath, slowing melt. The effect was most pronounced when snowmelt was driven by both relatively high solar radiation and turbulent heat fluxes. High absorbed shortwave radiation caused significant warming of the manure, which led to substantial losses in turbulent fluxes and longwave radiation. Simulations of snowmelt also showed that manure applications between 45 and 100 Mg ha^-1 significantly reduced peak snowmelt rates, in proportion to the manure applied. Lower snowmelt rates beneath manure may allow more infiltration of meltwater compared with bare snow. This infiltration and attenuated snowmelt runoff may partially mitigate the enhanced likelihood of P runoff from unincorporated winter-spread manure.