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TECHNICAL REPORTS
Heavy Metals in the Environment

Adsorption–Desorption Behavior of Copper at Contaminated Levels in Red Soils from China

S. Yu, Z.L. He^,*, C.Y. Huang, G.C. Chen and D.V. Calvert

Dep. of Resource Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China 310029

* Corresponding author (zhe{at}mail.ifas.ufl.edu)

Received for publication June 25, 2001. Adsorption–desorption of copper (Cu²⁺) at contaminated levels in two red soils was investigated. The red soil derived from the Quaternary red earths (clayey, kaolinitic thermic plinthite Aquult) (REQ) adsorbed more Cu²⁺ than the red soil developed on the Arenaceous rock (clayey, mixed siliceous thermic typic Dystrochrept) (RAR). The maximum adsorption values (M_A) that are obtained from the simple Langmuir model were 25.90 and 20.17 mmol Cu²⁺ kg^-1 soil, respectively, for REQ and RAR. Adsorption of Cu²⁺ decreased soil pH, by 0.8 unit for the REQ soil and 0.6 unit for the RAR soil at the highest loadings. The number of protons released per Cu²⁺ adsorbed increased sigmoidally with increasing initial Cu²⁺ concentration for the RAR soil, but the relationship was almost linear for the REQ soil. The RAR soil released about 2.57 moles of proton per mole of Cu²⁺ adsorbed at the highest Cu²⁺ loading and the corresponding value for the REQ soil was 1.12. The distribution coefficient (K_d) decreased exponentially with increasing Cu²⁺ loading. Most of the adsorbed Cu²⁺ in the soils was readily desorbed in the NH₄Ac. After five successive extractions with 1 mol L^-1 NH₄Ac (pH 5.0), 61 to 95% of the total adsorbed Cu²⁺ in the RAR soil was desorbed and the corresponding value for the REQ soil was 85 to 92%, indicating that the RAR soil had a greater affinity for Cu²⁺ than the REQ soil at low levels of adsorbed Cu²⁺.

Abbreviations: C, equilibrium concentration of dissolved ion • K_d, distribution coefficient • M_A, maximum adsorption level • q, adsorbed concentration • RAR, red soil developed on Arenaceous rock (clayey, mixed siliceous thermic typic Dystrochrept) • REQ, red soil developed on Quaternary red earths (clayey, kaolinitic thermic plinthite Aquult)

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