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TECHNICAL REPORTS
Atmospheric Pollutants and Trace Gases

Nitrous Oxide Emissions from an Ultisol of the Humid Tropics under Maize–Groundnut Rotation

^a Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
^b Dep. Land Management, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
^c Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent Univ., Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

* Corresponding author (khalilmi{at}bttb.net.bd)

Received for publication July 9, 2001. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) contributes to global climate change and agricultural soils seem to be the major source. Lack of information led to this study on the influence of different amounts and sources of nitrogen on N₂O emission from a maize (Zea mays L.)–groundnut (Arachis hypogae L.) crop rotation in an Ultisol of the humid tropics. The treatments were: inorganic N + crop residues (NC), inorganic N only (RN), and half of inorganic N + crop residues + chicken manure (NCM). The corresponding amount of N applied was 322, 180, and 400 kg ha^-1 yr^-1, respectively. The N₂O emissions depended on the amounts and types of N. A maximum peak (9889 ± 2106 µg N₂O-N m^-2 d^-1) was detected at 2 wk before maize sowing amended with chicken manure, showing a persistent influence on N transformations and N₂O release. The mineral N from either applied source became low by 2 to 4 wk, coinciding with the small N₂O fluxes or its consumption to a few isolated instances. The N₂O flux significantly correlated with the mineral N and water-filled pore spaces. The direct annual N₂O emission was 3.94 ± 0.23, 1.90 ± 0.08, and 1.41 ± 0.07 kg N₂O-N ha^-1 from the NCM, NC, and RN treatments, respectively. The corresponding N₂O-N loss of the applied N plus N fixed by groundnut was 0.83, 0.49, and 0.59%. Overestimations of direct annual N₂O emission using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology suggest a location-specific emission factor for variable N sources to be considered.

Abbreviations: IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change • NC, recommended inorganic N + crop residues treatment • NCM, a half-dose of recommended inorganic N + crop residues + chicken manure treatment • RN, recommended inorganic N only treatment • WFPS, water-filled pore space • WSOC, water-soluble organic carbon