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TECHNICAL REPORT
Atmospheric Pollutants and Trace Gases

Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia Fluxes in a Soybean Field Irrigated with Swine Effluent

Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677

* Corresponding author (rsharpe{at}arches.uga.edu)

Received for publication February 2, 2001. In the United States, swine (Sus scrofa) operations produce more than 14 Tg of manure each year. About 30% of this manure is stored in anaerobic lagoons before application to land. While land application of manure supplies nutrients for crop production, it may lead to gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH₃) and nitrous oxide (N₂O). Our objectives were to quantify gaseous fluxes of NH₃ and N₂O from effluent applications under field conditions. Three applications of swine effluent were applied to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Brim’] and gaseous fluxes were determined from gas concentration profiles and the flux-gradient gas transport technique. About 12% of ammonium (NH₄–N) in the effluent was lost through drift or secondary volatilization of NH₃ during irrigation. An additional 23% was volatilized within 48 h of application. Under conditions of low windspeed and with the wind blowing from the lagoon to the field, atmospheric concentrations of NH₃ increased and the crop absorbed NH₃ at the rate of 1.2 kg NH₃ ha^-1 d^-1, which was 22 to 33% of the NH₃ emitted from the lagoon during these periods. Nitrous oxide emissions were low before effluent applications (0.016 g N₂O–N ha^-1 d^-1) and increased to 25 to 38 g N₂O–N ha^-1 d^-1 after irrigation. Total N₂O emissions during the measurement period were 4.1 kg N₂O–N ha^-1, which was about 1.5% of total N applied. The large losses of NH₃ and N₂O illustrate the difficulty of basing effluent irrigation schedules on N concentrations and that NH₃ emissions can significantly contribute to N enrichment of the environment.

Abbreviations: DOY, day of year

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