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Findings from the USDA-sponsored Lake Erie Agricultural Systems for Environmental Quality Project

Relationships among Plant Available Phosphorus, Fertilizer Sales, and Water Quality in Northwestern Ohio

School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096

* Corresponding author (calhoun.2{at}osu.edu)

Received for publication August 29, 1999. Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in northwestern Ohio river water has declined over the past 20 yr in response to decreased applications of fertilizer P. Our objective was to evaluate changes in soluble P (Bray-1 P) levels in the soil over time as influenced by fertilizer P management, cultivation practice, soil properties, and landscape factors. Because soil is the intermediary between added P and SRP measured in river water, we examined the relationship between fertilizer P, soluble soil P, and SRP. Using historical soil survey sample sites as a baseline for original soluble P concentrations (P_or), we resampled Ap horizons to establish current levels of soluble P (P_cu). The P_or baseline extended from 1953–1982 and P_cu from 1996–1998. Thirty percent of the P_cu values and 17% of the P_or values were 40 mg kg^-1. Log-transformed means for P_cu were significantly higher than for P_or. The principal determining factors for P_or were physiography, soil texture, and soil series. Current P is affected by present tillage practice and drainage class. Change in soluble P in the soil is not as responsive to fertilizer P sales as is SRP in river water. This suggests that as fertilizer P sales decline, a declining percentage of P added as fertilizer is annually dissolved and transported into the drainage system. Soluble P in soil is governed by a combination of fertilizer and tillage management, soil properties, and landscape factors interacting over time.

Abbreviations: OSU, Ohio State University • P_cu, current concentration of Bray-1 phosphorus in the Ap horizon • P_or, original concentration of Bray-1 phosphorus in the Ap horizon • SOC, soil organic carbon • SRP, soluble reactive phosphorus in river water

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