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TECHNICAL REPORT
Landscape and Watershed Processes

Phosphorus Transport in Overland Flow in Response to Position of Manure Application

^a AgResearch LtD, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand
^b USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702

* Corresponding author (richard.mcdowell{at}agresearch.Co.nz)

Received for publication May 30, 2001. Phosphorus (P) loss in overland flow varies with spatial distribution of soil P, management, and hydrological pathways. The effect of flow time, flowpath length, and manure position on P loss in overland flow from two central Pennsylvania soils packed in boxes of varying length (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.75, and 4.0 m long x 15 cm wide x 5 cm deep) were examined by collecting flow samples at 5-min intervals for 30 min (50 mm h^-1 rainfall) without and with 75 kg P ha^-1 applied as swine (Sus scrofa) manure over 0.5 m of the box slope length at distances of 0 to 3.5 m from the downslope collection point. Dissolved reactive P concentration was more closely related to the proportion of clay in sediment of overland flow before (r = 0.98) than after (r = 0.56) manure application. This was attributed to the transport of larger, low-density particles after applying manure. The concentration of dissolved and particulate P fractions decreased with increasing flowpath length, due to dilution rather than sorption of P by surface soil during overland flow. Total P loss (mainly as particulate P) from the Watson channery silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Fragiudult) was more than from Berks channery silt loam (loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Typic Dystrudept), even with manure applied. Thus, while P loss in overland flow is affected by where manure is applied relative to flowpath length, initial soil P concentration should not be discounted when looking at areas of potential P loss within a watershed.

Abbreviations: *, significant at the 0.05 probability level • **, significant at the 0.01 probability level • ***, significant at the 0.001 probability level • DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • DURP, dissolved unreactive phosphorus • PP, particulate phosphorus • TDP, total dissolved reactive phosphorus • TP, total phosphorus

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