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TECHNICAL REPORT
Landscape and Watershed Processes

The Effects of Throughfall Manipulation on Soil Leaching in a Deciduous Forest

^a Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fleischmann Agriculture Bldg/370, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557
^b Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab., P.O. Box 2008, Building 1059, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422

* Corresponding author (dwj{at}unr.edu)

Received for publication February 19, 2001. The effects of changing precipitation on soil leaching in a deciduous forest were examined by experimentally manipulating throughfall fluxes in the field. In addition to an ambient treatment (AMB), throughfall fluxes were reduced by 33% (DRY treatment) and increased by 33% (WET treatment) using a system of rain gutters and sprinklers on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee. Soil leaching was measured with resin lysimeters in the O horizons and with ceramic cup lysimeters in the E (25 cm) and Bt (70 cm) horizons. Large and statistically significant treatment effects on N fluxes were found in the O horizons (lower N fluxes in the DRY and higher N fluxes in the WET treatment). Together with the greater O horizon N content observed in the DRY treatment, this suggested that N was being immobilized at a greater rate in the DRY treatment than in the AMB or WET treatments. No statistically significant treatment effects on soil solution were found in the E horizons with the exception of (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺) to K⁺ ratio. Statistically significant treatment effects on electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, SO^2-₄, and Cl^- were found in the Bt horizons due to differences between the DRY and other treatments. Despite this, calculated fluxes of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, SO^2-₄, and Cl^- were lowest in the DRY treatment. These results suggest that lower precipitation will cause temporary N immobilization in litter and long-term enrichment in soil base cations whereas increased precipitation will cause long-term depletion of soil base cations.

Abbreviations: AMB, no treatment, ambient throughfall • DO, dry, open (location in the DRY treatment between troughs) • DRY, treatment where throughfall flux was decreased by 33% • DT, dry, treated (location in the DRY treatment under troughs) • EC, electrical conductivity • NuCM, Nutrient Cycling Model • ortho-P, ortho-phosphate • SWF, soil water flux • TDE, Throughfall Displacement Experiment • WET, treatment where throughfall flux was increased by 33% • WO, wet, open (location in the WET treatment removed from drip points) • WT, wet, treated (location in the WET treatment near drip points)

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