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TECHNICAL REPORT
Surface Water Quality

Phosphorus Losses from Grasslands Fertilized with Broiler Litter

EPIC Simulations

^a Dep. of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
^b Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
^c Animal and Dairy Science Dep., Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
^d USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Athens, GA 30601
^e Dep. of Agric. Economics, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65201
^f Blackland Research Center, 808 East Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502

* Corresponding author (mcabrera{at}arches.uga.edu)

Received for publication July 7, 2000. Broiler litter, a mixture of poultry excreta and bedding material, is commonly used to fertilize grasslands in the southeastern USA. Previous work has shown that under certain situations, application of broiler (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter to grasslands may lead to elevated levels of phosphorus (P) in surface runoff. The EPIC simulation model may be a useful tool to identify those situations. This work was conducted to evaluate EPIC's ability to simulate event and annual runoff volume and losses of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) from tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)–bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] paddocks fertilized with broiler litter. The EPIC simulations of event runoff volume showed a trend toward underestimation, particularly for runoff events > 30 mm. On an annual basis, EPIC also tended to underestimate runoff, especially at runoff volumes > 100 mm. Both event and annual runoff estimations were strongly associated with observed values, indicating that model calibration could improve the simulation of surface runoff volume. The relationship between simulated and observed values of DRP loss was relatively poor on an event basis (r = 0.65), but was stronger (r = 0.75) on an annual basis. In general, EPIC tended to underestimate annual DRP losses. This underestimation was apparently caused by the lack of an explicit mechanism to model broiler litter on the soil surface. These results suggested that additional work on the EPIC P submodel would be warranted to improve its simulation of surface application of broiler litter to grasslands.

Abbreviations: AIP, active inorganic phosphorus • CV, coefficient of variation • DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • LIP, labile inorganic phosphorus • PSC, phosphorus sorption coefficient • RMSE, root mean square error • RRMSE, relative root mean square error • SD, standard deviation • SP, soluble phosphorus • SIP, stable inorganic phosphorus

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