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TECHNICAL REPORT
Waste Management

Manure Phosphorus Extractability as Affected by Aluminum- and Iron By-Products and Aerobic Composting

^a USDA-ARS, Animal Manure and By-Products Lab., BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705
^b Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Takasago, Japan

* Corresponding author (thdao{at}anri.barc.usda.gov)

Received for publication December 15, 2000. Shifts in manure phosphorus (P) chemical forms and pool sizes induced by water treatment residuals and industrial mineral by-products are largely undefined. We conducted a manure P fractionation study to determine mechanisms of reduction of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in poultry manure upon mineral by-product additions. The effects of composting on the P immobilization efficacy of the by-products were determined using laboratory self-heating composting simulators. The mineral by-products included an aluminum-water treatment residual (Al-WTR) and an iron-rich titanium-processing by-product. The noncomposted manure averaged 0.11 g g^-1 of total P as DRP forms. The by-products significantly reduced manure DRP, by an average of 39 and 48% in the Al- and the Fe-treated manure, respectively. The by-products also reduced the 0.5 M NH₄F–extractable phosphorus (FEP) fraction. Shifts in P forms between FEP and 0.1 M NaOH–extractable phosphorus (SHEP) depended upon the Al and Fe contents of the by-products while the combined FEP + SHEP pool remained constant. Phosphate sorption measurements supported the observations that the Fe-rich by-product was more effective at reducing manure DRP and enhancing the formation of SHEP forms at the expense of FEP than the Al-WTR. Composting had no effect on the efficacy of either by-product to reduce DRP. Potential mechanisms of enhanced P stabilization in treated manure upon composting included chemical shifts from the DRP and FEP fractions to the citrate–bicarbonate–dithionite extractable P fraction. Thus, the choice of P immobilization agents affected the stability of immobilized P forms and should be taken into consideration in developing manure processing and nutrient stabilization methods.

Abbreviations: Al-WTR, aluminum-water treatment residual • CBDP, citrate–bicarbonate–dithionite extractable phosphorus • DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • FEP, 0.5 M NH₄F–extractable phosphorus • H₂SO₄–P, 0.25 M H₂SO₄–extractable phosphorus • SHEP • 0.1 M NaOH–extractable phosphorus

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