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TECHNICAL REPORT
Plant and Environment Interactions

Ryegrass Cover Crop Effects on Nitrate Leaching in Spring Barley Fertilized with ¹⁵NH₄¹⁵NO₃

^a Dep. of Soil Science, Swedish Univ. of Agric. Sci., P.O. Box 7072, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
^b Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0082

* Corresponding author (lars.bergstrom{at}mv.slu.se)

Received for publication September 8, 2000. Cover crops are a management option to reduce NO₃ leaching under cereal grain production. A 2-yr field lysimeter study was established in Uppsala, Sweden, to evaluate the effect of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cover crop interseeded in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on NO₃–N leaching and availability of N to the main crop. Barley and ryegrass or barley alone were seeded in mid-May 1992, in lysimeters (0.3-m diam. x 1.2-m depth) of an undisturbed, well-drained, sandy loam soil. Fertilizer N was applied at the same time as labeled ¹⁵NH₄¹⁵NO₃ (10 atom % ¹⁵N) at a rate of 100 kg N ha^-1. In 1993, barley was reseeded in May in the lysimeters but with nonlabeled NH₄NO₃ and no cover crop (previous year's cover crop incorporated just prior to seeding). Barley yields and total and fertilizer N uptake in Year 1 (1992) were unaffected by cover crop. Total aboveground N uptake by the ryegrass was 28 kg ha^-1 at the time of incorporation the following spring. Recovery of fertilizer-derived N in May 1993 was about 100%; 53% in soil, 46% in barley, <2% in ryegrass, and negligible amounts in leachate. In May 1994, the corresponding figures were: 32% in soil, <3% in barley, and, again, negligible amounts in leachate. The cover crop reduced concentrations of NO₃–N in the leachate considerably (<5 mg L^-1, compared with 10 to 18 mg L^-1 without cover crop) at most sampling times from November 1992 to April 1994, and reduced the total amount of NO₃–N leached (22 compared with 8 kg ha^-1).

Abbreviations: FDN, fertilizer-derived nitrogen

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