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a Dep. of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506
b Dep. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506
* Corresponding author (gmp{at}ksu.edu)
Received for publication April 21, 2000. Phosphorus enhances eutrophication of fresh water bodies. This study was conducted to determine the influence of tillage and P placement on P losses in runoff water from a somewhat poorly drained soil (Woodson silt loam [fine, smectitic, thermic Abruptic Argiaquoll], 1.0–1.5% slope) in a grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] rotation. Chisel-disk-field cultivate (ChT), ridge-till (RT), and no-till (NT) in combination with 0 kg P ha-1 or 24 kg P ha-1 broadcast or knifed (applied prior to planting grain sorghum) were studied. Runoff volume and losses of sediment and P were summed over the growing season. Significant interactions between tillage and P placement for soluble P losses were found. For example, soluble P loss in 1999 for NT-broadcast in grain sorghum was 358 g ha-1; significantly greater than 31 g ha-1 for NT-knife or 23 g ha-1 for NT-check. Similar results were found for RT but no such differences were found for ChT. Bioavailable P losses were generally highest with broadcast P placement and for NT and RT. Total P losses were significantly higher at 959 g ha-1 with broadcast P on grain sorghum in 1998, compared with 521 g ha-1 for the check and 659 g ha-1 for the knifed P applications. Total P losses in 1999 for soybeans were only 18 g ha-1 for NT, which was significantly lower than 75 g ha-1 for ChT and 66 g ha-1 for RT. The results indicate that broadcast P applications on RT and NT will increase P losses, but the influence of tillage was not consistent.
Abbreviations: BMP, best management practice • ChT, chisel-till • NT, no-till • RT, ridge-till • TMDL, total maximum daily load
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