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TECHNICAL REPORT
LANDSCAPE AND WATERSHED PROCESSES

Phosphate Release from Seasonally Flooded Soils

A Laboratory Microcosm Study

Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Hills Bldg., Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0082

Corresponding author (dross{at}zoo.uvm.edu)

Received for publication January 31, 2000. Phosphorus derived from agricultural practices has been targeted as a leading cause of water quality degradation in Lake Champlain. Mobilization of P from seasonally flooded agricultural soils is a concern. Using 14 soils from a research farm in New York's Champlain Valley, we characterized the available P status, extractable Fe and Al, P sorption capacities, and soluble phosphate release in flooded laboratory microcosms. Quantities of NH₄–acetate available P ranged from 3 to 100 mg kg^-1 and fluoride-extractable P from 10 to 211 mg kg^-1. Flooding soils induced significant release of phosphate to the porewater over a 60- to 90-d period in 13 of the 14 soils studied. Porewater phosphate increases ranged from 2.2 to 27.0 times the initial phosphate concentrations. However, floodwater phosphate increases were much lower, with a maximum of 3.6 times the initial concentration. Average porewater phosphate concentrations over the flooding period ranged from 0.046 to 7.0 mg L^-1 and average floodwater P from 0.032 to 3.70 mg L^-1. Ammonium-acetate P and the degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) were highly correlated with the average porewater and floodwater phosphate concentration. Average ratio of porewater to floodwater phosphate concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 3.3. Five soils that were lower in fluoride-extractable P had increasing porewater phosphate accompanied by increasing porewater Fe²⁺ and decreasing floodwater phosphate. Results suggest that P solubility and mobility were a function of both the available P status and redox cycling.

Abbreviations: DPS, degree of phosphorus saturation • EPC₀, equilibrium phosphate concentration at zero sorption • OM, organic matter • PAI, phosphorus adsorption index

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