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TECHNICAL REPORT
WETLANDS AND AQUATIC PROCESSES

Phosphorus Flux from Wetland Soils Affected by Long-Term Nutrient Loading

Wetland Biogeochemistry Lab., Soil and Water Science Dep., Univ. of Florida, 106 Newell Hall, P.O. Box 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611

Corresponding author (Krr{at}gnv.ifas.ufl.edu)

Received for publication January 4, 2000. Wetland soils play a key role in the cycling of nutrients within an ecosystem. Since soils are potentially a source or a sink for inorganic nutrients, it is important to quantify their influence on overlying water quality in order to understand their importance in overall ecosystem nutrient budgets. Laboratory and field studies were performed in the northern Everglades (WCA-2A) to determine the magnitude of phosphorus (P) flux between the soil and the overlying water column, under various redox conditions. The P flux was estimated using three techniques: intact soil cores, in situ benthic chambers, and porewater equilibrators. There was reasonable agreement between the P flux estimated using intact soil cores and benthic chambers; however, P flux estimates using the porewater equilibrators were considerably lower than the other two techniques. Models of solute flux, based solely on soil physico–chemical characteristics, may substantially underestimate soil–water nutrient exchange processes. Phosphorus flux measured with the intact soil cores varied from 6.5 mg m^-2 d^-1 near nutrient inflow areas to undetectable flux 4 km away from the inflow. Oxygen consumption varied from 4 mg m^-2 d^-1 near the inflow to a constant 1 to 2 mg m^-2 d^-1 at a distance of 4 km from the inflow. Rate of consumption of NO^-₃–N and SO^2-₄ showed no significant trend with respect to distance from inflow. Nitrate N and SO₄ consumption rates averaged 120 and 130 mg m^-2 d^-1, respectively. Consumption of O₂ was correlated with P flux, whereas NO^-₃–N and SO^2-₄ consumption were not.

Abbreviations: BOD, biochemical oxygen demand • DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • SOD, soil oxygen demand

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