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TECHNICAL REPORT
BIOREMEDIATION AND BIODEGRADATION

In Vitro Pesticide Degradation in Turfgrass Soil Incubated under Open and Sealed Conditions

Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo Univ. of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan

Corresponding author (tsuzuki{at}tokyo-eiken.go.jp)

Received for publication November 12, 1999. Degradation of selected pesticides was conducted in a turfgrass soil from a golf course under open (i.e., allowing gas exchange with atmosphere) and sealed systems. The time required for 50% of the initial dose of fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate), diazinon (O,O-dimethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin4-yl phosphorothioate), iprodione [3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2,4-dioxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamide], mecoprop [(RS)-2-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)propionic acid], and asulam (4-aminophenylsulfonyl-carbamate) to dissipate (half-life, t_1/2) was less than 2 wk under both conditions. The t_1/2 values of dithiopyr (S,S'-dimethyl 2-difluoromethyl-4-isobutyl-6-trifluoro-methylpyridine-3,5-dicarbothioate) were 324 and 185 d under the open and sealed conditions, respectively. The t_1/2 values of isoprothiolane (di-isopropyl 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene-malonate), flutolanil (,,-trifluoro-3'-isopropoxy-o-toluanilide), and benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-,,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) under the open conditions were 154, 336, and 47 d, respectively. The t_1/2 values of these pesticides increased slightly under the sealed conditions. The t_1/2 values of terbutol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl N-methycarbamate) and one of the major degradation products, N-demethyl-terbutol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl carbamate), were 182 and 291 d under the open conditions and increased by six- and threefold under the sealed conditions, respectively. The degradation system under the sealed conditions could characterize the persistence of terbutol and N-demethyl-terbutol, which were the most persistent in the field.

Abbreviations: DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide • GC, gas chromatograph • IC, ion chromatograph • MS, mass spectrometer • TCD, thermal conductivity detector