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Long-Term Effects of Land Use and Fertilizer Treatments on Sulfur Cycling

Soil Science Dep., IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
NERC Isotope Geoscience Lab., Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.

^* Corresponding author (Fangjie.Zhao{at}bbsrc.ac.uk).

ABSTRACT

The unique archived samples from the Rothamsted Broadbalk Experiment, England, were used to evaluate long-term effects of changing S inputs from atmospheric deposition and fertilization on soil S pools and soil S isotope ratio since 1843. The effects of changing land uses were also investigated. Large S inputs from atmospheric deposition and from sulfate fertilizers did not result in any significant accumulation of soil organic or inorganic S in the arable plots where organic C remained stable. Inputs of sulfate in excess of crop uptake were lost mainly through leaching. Organic S accumulated markedly in the arable plot receiving farmyard manure (FYM) or where arable land was allowed to revert to woodland or grassland. In the latter two systems soil organic C accumulated faster than organic S. In all soils investigated the S isotope ratio (³⁴S) decreased substantially during the last 150 yr. The decrease in ³⁴S was greater in the woodland, grassland, and the arable FYM plot than in other arable plots receiving either inorganic fertilizers only or no fertilizers. The results indicate that atmospheric S was more depleted in ³⁴S than the soil native S at the experimental site, and that atmospheric S was incorporated into the organic pool to varying degrees depending on the C pool. In conclusion, land use had a large effect on the S cycling in soils, which is driven mainly by soil organic C cycling. Without accumulating soil organic C, there appears to be little scope for S retention in temperate soils with neutral pH.

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