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Published in J Environ Qual 29:1561-1567 (2000)
© 2000 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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An Agri-Environmental Phosphorus Saturation Index for Acid Coarse-Textured Soils

L. Khiari, L. E. Parent*,, A. Pellerin, A. R. A. Alimi, C. Tremblay, R. R. Simard and J. Fortin

Centre de Recherche en Géomatique and Dép. des Sols et de Génie Agroalimentaire, Paul-Comtois Building, Laval Univ., Sainte Foy, QC, Canada G1K 7P4.
Centre de Recherches et de Développement sur les Sols et les Grandes Cultures, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sainte Foy, QC, Canada G1V 2J3.

* Corresponding author (leon-etienne.parent{at}sga.ulaval.ca).

ABSTRACT

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a high P demanding crop contributing to P saturation of acid coarse-textured soils. The P status is commonly assessed agronomically by soil testing of P (STP) and environmentally by soil P saturation or P solubility indexes. The aim of this work was to develop a P fertilizer recommendation model integrating P environmental risk and crop response probability, using P and Al extracted by the Mehlich-III soil testing method (mg P or Al L–1 of soil) and expressed as (P/Al)M-III percentage. The environmentally critical (P/Al)M-III percentage was 15%, corresponding to the critical degree of phosphate saturation (DPS) value of 25% (oxalate extraction procedure) proposed in the Netherlands. Using the Cate-Nelson procedure, the critical (P/Al)M-III percentage across 78 field experiments was 8.2% as determined by inductively coupled-argon plasma (ICP). Probability of potato response to P was close to 100% even above the critical STP values as shown by power tests on relative yields. The P recommendation model was computed from conditional expectations of 50 and 80% within each fertility group below 15% as (P/Al)M-III. Above 15%, the model recommended 21 kg P ha–1, the amount of P exported by a tuber harvest of approximately 42 Mg ha–1. Using conversion equations with 114 soil samples for STP methods, fertility groups built for Quebec acid coarse-textured soils were found to be comparable with those currently used in the Netherlands and Lower Saxony (Germany). The (P/Al)M-III percentage provided a reliable and unifying criterion for making environmentally acceptable and agronomically efficient P recommendations for sustainable potato production.

Received for publication May 14, 1999.


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