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Transformation of 1,3-Dichloropropene in Soil by Thiosulfate Fertilizers

USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507;

J. A. Knuteson

Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268;

J. O. Becker

Dep. of Nematology, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521.

^* Corresponding author (jgan{at}ussl.ars.usda.gov).

ABSTRACT

The pesticide 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) is considered to be the most promising alternative to methyl bromide for soilborne pest control. The high volatility of 1,3-D, however, has been shown to result in excessive atmospheric emissions that may impose toxicological effects on workers or residents. This study demonstrated that 1,3-D was rapidly transformed to nonvolatile products by thiosulfate fertilizers in soil, and that thiosulfate-facilitated fumigant transformation may be used to reduce 1,3-D emissions. Transformation of 1,3-D by thiosulfate was chemically based, and 1,3-D degradation in soil accelerated proportionally as thiosulfate level in soil increased. At a 4:1 thiosulfate to fumigant molar ratio, the half-life of 1,3-D was reduced to only a few hours, as compared with >10 d for nonamended soils. The rate of thiosulfate-facilitated 1,3-D transformation was independent of soil types and was higher in moist soils and at high soil temperatures. Transformation occurred at a similar rate for ammonium, calcium, and sodium thiosulfates. As these thiosulfate compounds are commercial fertilizers, amendment of these products at the soil surface during 1,3-D fumigation may offer an effective and inexpensive approach for reducing 1,3-D emissions.

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