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Cadmium Availability to Three Plant Species Varying in Cadmium Accumulation Pattern

Lab. of Soils and Environmental Sciences, ENSAIA-INRA/INPL, BP 172, 2, avenue de la forêt de Haye, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cédex, France.
INRA-Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols, 273 rue de Cambrai, F-62000 Arras, France.

^* Corresponding author (morel{at}ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr).

ABSTRACT

Plant response to soil Cd is highly variable. Plants varying in Cd accumulation pattern were evaluated to determine if Cd was taken up from similar or different pools in soils. Three metal-contaminated soils (pH 8) and noncontaminated soil were labeled with ¹⁰⁹Cd using a carrier-free ¹⁰⁹CdCl₂ solution. Rye grass (Lolium perenne L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and the Zn- and Cd-hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens J. Presl & C. Presl were grown on these soils and harvested. The isotopic composition of Cd in plant shoots (IC_P) was measured and the isotopic composition in the soil solution (IC_S) was calculated using the isotopic exchange kinetics (IEK) method. The Cd concentrations in shoots ranged from 0.1 to 2.3 mg kg^–1 in rye grass, 0.4 to 8.3 mg kg^–1 in lettuce, and 8.7 to 647 mg kg^–1 in T. caerulescens. The IC_P values were similar among species, suggesting that the same pool of soil isotopically exchangeable Cd was accessed despite variations in Cd uptake pattern. The IC_P values were similar to the IC_S, suggesting that the IEK method assesses the pool that is phytoavailable. Despite the high soil pH, more than 50% of the total soil Cd was isotopically exchangeable within 90 d. Lettuce and rye grass took up less than 1% of the exchangeable Cd while T. caerulescens extracted up to 22% of this pool. In conclusion, plants representing a wide array of behavior toward Cd take up the metal from a similar pool of soil Cd, which is assessed by the IEK method.

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