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Ammonia Emission from a Large Mechanically-Ventilated Swine Building during Warm Weather

Agricultural and Biological Engineering Dep., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907.

Claude A. Diehl

Monsanto EnviroChem Systems, 14522 S. Outer Forty Rd., St. Louis, MO 63017.

Ravi K. Duggirala

Monsanto Company, 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63167.

Barry L. Haymore

ChemLink International, 13384 Walfield Ln., St. Louis, MO 63141.

Alan L. Sutton

Animal Science Dep., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907.

^* Corresponding author (heber{at}purdue.edu).

ABSTRACT

Ammonia (NH₃) emission from a grow-finish swine (Sus scrofa) building with an underfloor manure storage pit was evaluated during warm weather from 26 June to 25 September. Average daily mean (ADM, covering all measurement days) outdoor temperature was 21.8°C. Ammonia concentrations, ventilation rates, and temperatures were continuously measured or recorded and 88 d of reliable data were obtained. Air samples were taken at wall and pit exhaust fans and in the pit headspace. The NH₃ concentrations were monitored on-site with a chemiluminescence NH₃ analyzer. Ventilation rates were calculated based on operation of five wall fans, four pit fans, and the fan static pressure. The NH₃ emission rates were calculated by multiplying simultaneously measured NH₃ concentrations and ventilation rates of wall and pit exhaust fans. The ADM of building NH₃ concentration (mean concentration of all sampling locations) was 3.9 mg m^–1. The ADM building NH, emission (sum of the emissions from all ventilation fans) was 11.2 kg d^–1, equivalent to 145 g d^–1 per AU (animal unit = 500 kg animal weight). The ADM emission per AU was higher than other reported values, probably due to warmer temperatures and higher ventilation rates. The building NH₃ concentrations were inversely proportional to the indoor temperatures (r = –0.66) and ventilation rates (r = –0.59) and correlated well to total pig weight (r = 0.49). The building NH₃ emission rates were correlated to total pig weights (r = 0.52) and ventilation rates (r = 0.41) and were not well correlated to indoor temperatures (r = 0.12).

Contribution No. 16011 from the Purdue University Agricultural Research Program. Mention of specific equipment is for the benefit of readers and does not infer endorsement or preferential treatment of the product names by the authors.

Received for publication February 22, 1999.

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