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Laboratory Procedures for Characterizing Manure Phosphorus

Center for Animal Health and Productivity, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA 19348.

^* Corresponding author (dou{at}cahp2.nbc.upenn.edu).

ABSTRACT

Phosphorus runoff from agricultural land contributes to accelerated eutrophication of surface waters. In areas with intensive animal farming, P loss from manured fields may be elevated due to high concentrations of soluble P in manure. We characterized P in dairy and poultry manure for the relative dissolution and fraction distribution using deionized water (H₂O), 0.5 M NaHCO₃, 0.1 M NaOH, 1.0 M HCl, and 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Two extraction procedures were tested: (i) independent, with dried, ground samples being extracted repeatedly and P measured for each extractant; and (ii) sequential, with each sample being repeatedly extracted by H₂O, NaHCO₃, NaOH, and HCl, in that order. For the independent procedure, H₂O extracted 53 to 64%, NaHCO₃ 64 to 72%, NaOH 33 to 54%, HCl 90 to 97%, and TCA 84 to 96% of the total P in manure. Sequentially, H₂O, NaHCO₃, NaOH, and HCl extracted 70, 14, 6, and 5% of the total P in the dairy, and 49, 19, 5, and 25% of the total P in the poultry sample, respectively. Manure P release was not greatly affected by shaking time but decreased rapidly with increasing number of repeated extractions. A large portion of P in manure being extractable by H₂O or NaHCO₃ suggests weak binding energy of P and hence a high susceptibility for loss to waters when conditions favor runoff. A 1-h shaking of manure with H₂O may provide a quick measure of the relative magnitude of P that is most susceptible. Further investigation relating manure P fractions with P in runoff would help identify management alternatives for reduced P losses.

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