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A Wind Tunnel for Measuring Selenium Volatilization under Field-Like Conditions

Department of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521.

^* Corresponding author (william.frankenberger{at}ucr.edu).

ABSTRACT

A wind tunnel was developed to measure the loss of volatile selenium (Se) from soil under field-like conditions. The wind tunnel consisted of a volatilization chamber made of Plexiglas (2.4 m long x 0.8 m wide x 1.2 m high), which was set above a stainless steel lysimeter (0.5 m² surface area x 0.8 m deep). High air exchange rates (avg. 700 air changes h^–1) were used to simulate field-like environmental conditions inside the wind tunnel. To monitor the fate and transport of the Se, radiolabeled ⁷⁵Se as sodium selenite (Na₂⁷⁵SeO₃) was incorporated into the top 5 cm of soil. Volatile Sc was trapped on activated carbon filters and measured directly using gamma counting. A 135-d bare-soil experiment was carried out, during which 2.7% of the Se was released through volatilization without added C. The average flux rate of gaseous Se was 17 mg m^–2 h^–1, with a high of 72 mg m^–2 h^–1 occurring on Day 6. After 135 d, 59 and 34% of the ⁷⁵Se was located in the 0 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm soil layers, respectively. A total of 84.5% of all applied ⁷⁵Se was recovered. The purpose of this study was to improve estimates on Se volatilization from seleniferous soils and help close the gap between previous laboratory and field experiments.

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