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Soil Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane at a Productive Temperate Deciduous Forest

Dep. of Environmental Science, Allegheny College, Meadville, PA 16335;

P. A. Steudler

The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Lab., Woods Hole, MA 02543.

^* Corresponding author (rbowden{at}alleg.edu).

ABSTRACT

We measured CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ fluxes between soils and the atmosphere in ambient and N-addition plots at a productive black cherry-sugar maple forest in northwest Pennsylvania to examine the link between N-cycling and trace gas fluxes. Fluxes were estimated the using in-situ chambers. Net annual N mineralization was 121.0 kg N ha^–1yr^–1, and net nitrification was 85.8 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1, or 71% of net mineralization. Carbon dioxide (5.09 Mg C ha^–1 yr^–1) efflux and CH₄ uptake (8.90 kg C ha^–1 yr^–1) were among the highest rates reported for temperate deciduous forests. Emissions of N₂O (0.228 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1) were within the range of rates reported elsewhere, including locations with lower rates of N-cycling. A short-term study (May–Oct.) showed that N fertilization reduced both CO₂ emissions and CH₄ uptake (CO₂ by 19%; CH₄ by 24%). N₂O effluxes in fertilized plots were not different from control plots. The relatively high rate of soil respiration corresponded to a high rate of N-cycling; however, N₂O emissions were not substantially greater than those measured at other locations, suggesting that rapid N-cycling or N additions in temperate forests do not necessarily result in large emissions of N₂O. Concurrent rapid rates of N-cycling and high rates of CH₄ uptake did not support the hypothesis that N-cycling rates directly control CH₄ uptake. Links between N-cycling and CH₄ oxidation are complex; the influence of N-cycling on flux rates must consider not only the rate of cycling, but also the disposition of N-cycling products, and the factors that influence rates of N dynamics.

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