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Published in J Environ Qual 28:1908-1915 (1999)
© 1999 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Agrichemicals in Ground Water of the Midwestern USA: Relations to Soil Characteristics

Michael R. Burkart*,, Dana W. Kolpin, Robert J. Jaquis and Kevin J. Cole

National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011;
U.S. Geological Survey, 400 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, IA 52244.

* Corresponding author (burkart{at}nstl.gov).

ABSTRACT

A comprehensive set of soil characteristics were examined to determine the effect of soil on the transport of agrichemicals to ground water. This paper examines the relation of local soil characteristics to concentrations and occurrence of nitrate, atrazine (2-chloro-4 ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-trazine), and atrazine residue [atrazine + deethylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) + deisopropylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-s-triazine)] from 99 wells completed in unconsolidated aquifers across the midwestern USA. The occurrence and concentrations of nitrate and atrazine in ground water were directly related to soil characteristics that determine the rate of water movement. The substantial differences in the relations found among soil characteristics and nitrate and atrazine in ground water suggest that different processes affect the transformation, adsorption, and transport of these contaminants. A multivariate analysis determined that the soil characteristics examined explained the amount of variability in concentrations for nitrate (19.0%), atrazine (33.4%), and atrazine residue (28.6%). These results document that, although soils do affect the transport of agrichemicals to ground water, other factors such as hydrology, land use, and climate must also be considered to understand the occurrence of agrichemicals in ground water.

Received for publication December 4, 1998.


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The SCI Journals Agronomy Journal Crop Science
Journal of Natural Resources
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Copyright © 1999 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.