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Published in J Environ Qual 28:1845-1852 (1999)
© 1999 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
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The Pre-Sidedress Soil Nitrate Test and Nitrate Leaching from Corn

Karl Guillard*, Thomas F. Morris and Kelly L. Kopp

Dep. of Plant Science, U-67, Univ. of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Road, Storrs, CT 06269.

* Corresponding author (Karl.Guillard{at}uconn.edu).

ABSTRACT

The pre-sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) is recommended in many states as a best management practice (BMP) for corn (Zea mays L.). A 2-yr study was conducted in Connecticut on a Woodbridge fine sandy loam soil (coarse loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Dystrochrept) to determine NO3-N concentrations and losses in soil water from corn managed with three different N fertilization regimes: (i) PRE, 196 kg N ha–1 applied preplant; (ii) PSNT-1, 90 kg N ha–1 applied at preplant and any remaining N needs estimated by the PSNT (0 kg ha–1 in 1995 and 45 kg ha–1 in 1996); and (iii) PSNT-2, no preplant N and all N needs estimated by the PSNT (34 kg ha–1 in 1995 and 123 kg ha–1 in 1996). Percolate was collected with zero-tension pan lysimeters. Flow-weighted NO3-N concentrations from the PRE treatment were 22.3 mg L–1 in 1995 and 17.4 mg L–1 in 1996; the PSNT treatments were <8.0 mg L–1. Losses of NO3-N as a percent of N applied in 1995 were 20%, 10%, and 12% for PRE, PSNT-1, and PSNT-2, respectively, and 31%, 21%, and 21%, respectively, in 1996. Greatest leaching losses occurred after corn harvest. Corn yields were not significantly (P > 0.05) different among N treatments. These findings suggest that a well calibrated soil N test can reduce excess fertilization and the potential for NO3 contamination of ground water.

NOTES

Scientific Contribution no. 1835 of the Storrs Agric. Exp. Stn., Storrs, CT.

Received for publication October 16, 1998.


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