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Amelioration of Subsoil Acidity through Surface Application of Organic Manures

Dep. of Agronomy and Soil Science, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822.

^* Corresponding author (nvhue{at}hawaii.edu).

ABSTRACT

Subsoil acidity is a serious constraint to crop production, and is difficult to correct by conventional liming practices. Thus, different approaches to ameliorating acid subsoils are needed. A column leaching study was conducted to compare the effects of chicken manure and sewage sludge amendments, each at 20 g kg^–1, with CaSO₄ and CaCO₃, each at 5.56 cmol (Ca²⁺) kg^–1, on Al and Ca concentrations in the subsoil of an Ultisol having pH 4.4, 80% Al saturation and 2.78 cmol_c kg^–1 exchangeable Al. Treatments were incubated moist for 14 d with the top 5 cm soil of 50 cm long soil columns, then leached with 37.8 cm of water in 5 d. The soil columns were then cut into four equal segments for chemical analysis. Results showed that the manures were effective in increasing soil-solution pH and Ca, and decreasing soil-solution Al and percentage of Al saturation in the subsoil, particularly below the 15 cm depth. Soil-solution C, nearly constant through the soil profile, averaged 2.8 mM in the CaSO₄ treatment and 7.6 mM in the chicken manure treatment. A subsequent solution experiment on the competitive complexation of Al and Ca with model organic ligands supported the contention that (i) manure-derived organic molecules facilitated the downward movement of Ca as Ca complexes, and (ii) along their downward path, these Ca complexes reacted with Al, releasing Ca that would become plant-available, and forming complexed Al that may be nonphytotoxic.

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