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Distribution of Organochlorine Insecticides in Rivers of the Russian Federation

Centre for Preparation and Implementation of International Projects on Technical Assistance, North-Caucasus Branch, Rostov-on-Don, 344104, Stachki av; 200/1, Box 301, Russia;
National Hydrology Res. Inst., 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada;
Inst. for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Yaroslavle Region, Russia;
Hydrochemical Inst., Federal Service of Russia for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Stachki av; 198/1, Box 301, Russia.

^* Corresponding author (john.headley{at}ec.gc.ca).

ABSTRACT

There is a lack of information on organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in waters of Russian rivers. This hampers evaluation of the transboundary transport. Studies were undertaken from 1988 to 1994 to: (i) characterize the levels and geographical distribution of OCPs in major Russian river basins, and (ii) determine trends in temporal dynamics of the waterborne contaminants. Russian rivers were contaminated by OCPs to an extent similar to that found in many countries one to two decades earlier. -HCCH (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) was the most widespread pesticide, followed by -HCCH, DHC (2,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachlor 4,7-endo-methylbicyclo [4,3,0]-5-nonene), HCB (hexachlorobenzene), DOT (1,1-di (4'-chlorphenyl)-2,2,2-trichlorethane), β-HCCH, DDE (1,1-di (4'-chlorphenyl)-2,2-dichlorethylene), and DDD (1,1-di (4'-chlorphenyl)-2,2-dichlorethylene) based on data from the State Network of Environmental Monitoring (SNEM). Concentrations seldom exceeded maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) and mean concentrations met National Russian ambient water quality criteria. Highest exceedence (expressed as a percentage of the number of water samples) of the MAC occurred for -HCCH (19%) and -HCCH (17.3%), with lower exceedences observed for DOT (4.3%), DDE (1.3%), and DDD (0.2%). Complementary observations were made using established QA/QC protocols. The latter studies showed that much lower exceedences had occurred: -HCCH (2.4%), DDT (2.1%), -HCCH (2.0%), with negligibly low exceedences observed for DDE (0.4%), β-HCCH (0.3%), and DDD (0.1%). In general, levels of OCPs in Russian inland water during 1991 to 1993 was similar to that found in Western countries a decade earlier.