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Field-Scale Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Hayfields Receiving Fresh and Composted Broiler Litter

Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens GA 30602-7272.

M. Latimore, Jr.

Plant Science Dep., Ft. Valley State Univ., Ft. Valley, GA 31030.

^* Corresponding author (h.vervoort{at}hetnet.nl).

ABSTRACT

Composting broiler litter may increase the amount of stable organic components and reduce contamination of ground- and surface-water with N and P from excessive land applications. Limited research has been done comparing field-scale losses of nutrients from broiler litter applied to hayfields. This project determined field-scale N and P runoff losses from fresh and composted litter applied to hayfields. Two rates of broiler litter, 10 Mg ha^–1 yr^–1 (1X) and 20 Mg ha^–1 yr^–1 (2X), and a mix of 10 Mg ha^–1 yr^–1 of broiler litter and 50 Mg ha^–1 yr^–1 of composted litter (1X + C), were split-applied in April and September for 2 yr. Surface runoff and subsurface flow were monitored for inorganic and total N and P. Nitrate concentrations in subsurface flow remained below the USEPA standard of 10 mg L^–1 for all treatments. Average dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations were statistically higher under the 1X + C treatment, followed by the 2X and 1X treatments, reaching a maximum of 8.5 mg L^–1 under the 1X + C treatment. Differences between field and plot-scale results were most likely controlled by the timing of application and occurrence of the first rainfall event. Concentrations of resin-extractable P (P_r) in soil increased under all treatments, indicating accumulation of P after only 2.5 yr of application. In this research, the amount of P applied was the principal determinant of the DRP concentration in the surface runoff. Composting broiler litter increased the amount of stable organic components.

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