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1150 Lilly Hall, Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907;
Faculty of Soils, Clemson Univ., 2200 Pocket Road., Florence, SC 29506-9706;
Faculty of Soils, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-1021.
* Corresponding author (jcmbrt{at}clemson.edu).
ABSTRACT
Land application of alum sludge is a disposal alternative. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine (i) alum sludge effects on phosphorus (P) availability and inorganic P forms, and (ii) the relationship between inorganic P fractions and P availability. Alum sludge slurry (0, 4.45, 8.9, and 17.8 g solid kg–1 soil) was surface applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a Yauhannah soil (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Hapludults) at four P rates (0, 6.5, 11, and 22 mg kg–1 soil). After the first wheat crop, the sludge was mixed throughout the soil and a second crop grown. Surface-applied sludge decreased wheat dry matter (DM) and P uptake. When incorporated, 4.45 g kg–1 alum decreased DM and P uptake. Phosphate application increased DM and P uptake of the first wheat crop, but had no effect on the second crop. Surface-applied sludge increased Al-P, Fe-P, and Ca-P in the 0- to 7.5-cm soil depth, but not in the 7.5- to 15-cm soil depth. Loosely boond-P and Al-P increased with P rate. Phosphorus uptake and DM of the first wheat crop were positively related to loosely bound-P and Mehlich 1-P. Dry matter of the second wheat crop was positively related to loosely bound-P and Mehlich 1-P and P uptake was positively related to loosely bound-P. Aluminum-P was negatively related to P availability indices. In alum sludge-affected soils applied P is immobilized mainly as Al-P, and Mehlich 1-P and loosely boond-P are reliable estimators of P availability.
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