| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Southern Experiment Station, Waseca, MN 56093;
Southwest Experiment Station, Lamberton, MN 56152;
Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS - U. S. Dairy Forage Research Center, St. Paul, MN 55108;
Dep. of Soil, Water, and Climate, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.
* Corresponding author (grandall{at}soils.umn.edu).
ABSTRACT
Subsurface drainage of gravitational water from the soil profile through tiles is a common practice used to improve crop production on poorly drained soils. Previous research has often shown significant concentrations of nitrate-N (NO3-N) in drainage water from row-crop systems, but little drainage research has been conducted under perennial crops such as those used in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Four cropping systems (continuous corn, a corn-soybean rotation, alfalfa, and CRP) were established in 1988 to determine aboveground biomass yields, N uptake, residual soil N (RSN), soil water content, and NO3 losses to subsurface tile drainage water as influenced by cropping system. Hydrologic-year rainfall during the 6-yr study ranged from 23% below normal to 66% above normal. In dry years, yields were limited, RSN accumulated at elevated levels in all crop systems but especially in the row-crop systems, soil water reserves and RSN were reduced to as deep as 2.7 m in the alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and CRP systems, and tile drainage did not occur. Drainage occurred only in the corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems in the year of normal rainfall. In years of excess precipitation, drainage from the row-crop systems exceeded that from the perennial crops by 1.1 to 5.3X. Flow-weighted average NO3-N concentrations in the water during the flow period of this study were continuous corn = 32, corn-soybean rotation = 24, alfalfa = 3 and CRP = 2 mg/L. Nitrate losses in the subsurface drainage water from the continuous corn and corn-soybean systems were about 37X and 35X higher, respectively, than from the alfalfa and CRP systems due primarily to greater season-long ET resulting in less drainage and greater uptake and/or immobilization of N by the perennial crops.
Contribution from the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Scientific J. Series Paper no. 22594.
Received for publication October 11, 1996.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T. W. Simpson, A. N. Sharpley, R. W. Howarth, H. W. Paerl, and K. R. Mankin The New Gold Rush: Fueling Ethanol Production while Protecting Water Quality J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2008; 37(2): 318 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. K. Keller, C. N. Butcher, J. L. Smith, and R. M. Allen-King Nitrate in Tile Drainage of the Semiarid Palouse Basin J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2008; 37(2): 353 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. L. Jackson Who "Designs" the Agricultural Landscape? Landscape Jrnl., January 1, 2008; 27(1): 23 - 40. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.C. Kaspar, D.B. Jaynes, T.B. Parkin, and T.B. Moorman Rye Cover Crop and Gamagrass Strip Effects on NO3 Concentration and Load in Tile Drainage J. Environ. Qual., August 31, 2007; 36(5): 1503 - 1511. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. P. Anex, L. R. Lynd, M. S. Laser, A. H. Heggenstaller, and M. Liebman Potential for Enhanced Nutrient Cycling through Coupling of Agricultural and Bioenergy Systems Crop Sci., July 30, 2007; 47(4): 1327 - 1335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. D. Nance, L. R. Gibson, and D. L. Karlen Soil Profile Nitrate Response to Nitrogen Fertilization of Winter Triticale Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., June 29, 2007; 71(4): 1343 - 1351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Oquist, J. S. Strock, and D. J. Mulla Influence of Alternative and Conventional Farming Practices on Subsurface Drainage and Water Quality J. Environ. Qual., June 27, 2007; 36(4): 1194 - 1204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. P. Russelle, M. H. Entz, and A. J. Franzluebbers Reconsidering Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems in North America Agron. J., February 6, 2007; 99(2): 325 - 334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Hong, P. C. Scharf, J. G. Davis, N. R. Kitchen, and K. A. Sudduth Economically Optimal Nitrogen Rate Reduces Soil Residual Nitrate J. Environ. Qual., January 25, 2007; 36(2): 354 - 362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. E. Schilling and J. Spooner Effects of Watershed-Scale Land Use Change on Stream Nitrate Concentrations J. Environ. Qual., October 27, 2006; 35(6): 2132 - 2145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Toth, Z. Dou, J. D. Ferguson, D. T. Galligan, and C. F. Ramberg Jr. Nitrogen- vs. Phosphorus-based Dairy Manure Applications to Field Crops: Nitrate and Phosphorus Leaching and Soil Phosphorus Accumulation J. Environ. Qual., October 27, 2006; 35(6): 2302 - 2312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. W. Feyereisen, B. N. Wilson, G. R. Sands, J. S. Strock, and P. M. Porter Potential for a Rye Cover Crop to Reduce Nitrate Loss in Southwestern Minnesota Agron. J., October 3, 2006; 98(6): 1416 - 1426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. A. Oquist, J. S. Strock, and D. J. Mulla Influence of Alternative and Conventional Management Practices on Soil Physical and Hydraulic Properties Vadose Zone J., March 8, 2006; 5(1): 356 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. M. van Es, J. M. Sogbedji, and R. R. Schindelbeck Effect of manure application timing, crop, and soil type on nitrate leaching. J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2006; 35(2): 670 - 679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. R. Ball Coelho, R. C. Roy, and A. J. Bruin Nitrogen Recovery and Partitioning with Different Rates and Methods of Sidedressed Manure Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., February 2, 2006; 70(2): 464 - 473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Gehl, J. P. Schmidt, L. R. Stone, A. J. Schlegel, and G. A. Clark In Situ Measurements of Nitrate Leaching Implicate Poor Nitrogen and Irrigation Management on Sandy Soils J. Environ. Qual., November 7, 2005; 34(6): 2243 - 2254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Rotz, F. Taube, M. P. Russelle, J. Oenema, M. A. Sanderson, and M. Wachendorf Whole-Farm Perspectives of Nutrient Flows in Grassland Agriculture Crop Sci., September 23, 2005; 45(6): 2139 - 2159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. B. Stevens, R. G. Hoeft, and R. L. Mulvaney Fate of Nitrogen-15 in a Long-Term Nitrogen Rate Study: II. Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency Agron. J., June 17, 2005; 97(4): 1046 - 1053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. W. Randall and J. A. Vetsch Nitrate Losses in Subsurface Drainage from a Corn-Soybean Rotation as Affected by Fall and Spring Application of Nitrogen and Nitrapyrin J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2005; 34(2): 590 - 597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Russelle and A. S. Birr Large-Scale Assessment of Symbiotic Dinitrogen Fixation by Crops: Soybean and Alfalfa in the Mississippi River Basin Agron. J., November 1, 2004; 96(6): 1754 - 1760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Kladivko, J. R. Frankenberger, D. B. Jaynes, D. W. Meek, B. J. Jenkinson, and N. R. Fausey Nitrate Leaching to Subsurface Drains as Affected by Drain Spacing and Changes in Crop Production System J. Environ. Qual., September 1, 2004; 33(5): 1803 - 1813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Strock, P. M. Porter, and M. P. Russelle Cover Cropping to Reduce Nitrate Loss through Subsurface Drainage in the Northern U.S. Corn Belt J. Environ. Qual., May 1, 2004; 33(3): 1010 - 1016. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. B. Jaynes, D. L. Dinnes, D. W. Meek, D. L. Karlen, C. A. Cambardella, and T. S. Colvin Using the Late Spring Nitrate Test to Reduce Nitrate Loss within a Watershed J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2004; 33(2): 669 - 677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Tomer and M. R. Burkart Long-Term Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Use on Ground Water Nitrate in Two Small Watersheds J. Environ. Qual., November 1, 2003; 32(6): 2158 - 2171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. W. Randall, J. A. Vetsch, and J. R. Huffman Nitrate Losses in Subsurface Drainage from a Corn-Soybean Rotation as Affected by Time of Nitrogen Application and Use of Nitrapyrin J. Environ. Qual., September 1, 2003; 32(5): 1764 - 1772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Nissen and M. M. Wander Management and Soil-Quality Effects on Fertilizer-Use Efficiency and Leaching Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 2003; 67(5): 1524 - 1532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Zhu and R. H. Fox Corn-Soybean Rotation Effects on Nitrate Leaching Agron. J., July 1, 2003; 95(4): 1028 - 1033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Elmi, C. Madramootoo, M. Egeh, A. Liu, and C. Hamel Environmental and Agronomic Implications of Water Table and Nitrogen Fertilization Management J. Environ. Qual., November 1, 2002; 31(6): 1858 - 1867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Dinnes, D. L. Karlen, D. B. Jaynes, T. C. Kaspar, J. L. Hatfield, T. S. Colvin, and C. A. Cambardella Nitrogen Management Strategies to Reduce Nitrate Leaching in Tile-Drained Midwestern Soils Agron. J., January 1, 2002; 94(1): 153 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Amelung, J. M. Kimble, S. Samson-Liebig, and R. F. Follett Restoration of Microbial Residues in Soils of the Conservation Reserve Program Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., November 1, 2001; 65(6): 1704 - 1709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.B. Jaynes, T.S. Colvin, D.L. Karlen, C.A. Cambardella, and D.W. Meek Nitrate Loss in Subsurface Drainage as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate J. Environ. Qual., July 1, 2001; 30(4): 1305 - 1314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Shapiro, D. L. Holshouser, W. L. Kranz, D. P. Shelton, J. F. Witkowski, K. J. Jarvi, G. W. Echtenkamp, L. A. Lunz, R. D. Frerichs, R. L. Brentlinger, et al. Tillage and Management Alternatives for Returning Conservation Reserve Program Land to Crops Agron. J., July 1, 2001; 93(4): 850 - 862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.W. Chung, P.W. Gassman, D.R. Huggins, and G.W. Randall EPIC Tile Flow and Nitrate Loss Predictions for Three Minnesota Cropping Systems J. Environ. Qual., May 1, 2001; 30(3): 822 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Huggins, G. W. Randall, and M. P. Russelle Subsurface Drain Losses of Water and Nitrate following Conversion of Perennials to Row Crops Agron. J., May 1, 2001; 93(3): 477 - 486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Goolsby, W. A. Battaglin, B. T. Aulenbach, and R. P. Hooper Nitrogen Input to the Gulf of Mexico J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2001; 30(2): 329 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. W. Randall and D. J. Mulla Nitrate Nitrogen in Surface Waters as Influenced by Climatic Conditions and Agricultural Practices J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2001; 30(2): 337 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Russelle, J. F.S. Lamb, B. R. Montgomery, D. W. Elsenheimer, B. S. Miller, and C. P. Vance Alfalfa Rapidly Remediates Excess Inorganic Nitrogen at a Fertilizer Spill Site J. Environ. Qual., January 1, 2001; 30(1): 30 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| The SCI Journals | Agronomy Journal | Crop Science | |||
| Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education |
Vadose Zone Journal | ||||
| Soil Science Society of America Journal | Journal of Plant Registrations | The Plant Genome | |||
