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Intensity and Duration of Denitrification following Application of Manure and Fertilizer to Soil

New Brunswick Dep. of Agriculture and Rural Development, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, E3B 5H1;

D. W. Bergstrom

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6;

E. G. Beauchamp^*

Dep. of Land Resource Science, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.

^* Corresponding author (ebeaucha{at}lrs.uoguelph.ca).

ABSTRACT

Denitrification and nitrous oxide production rates were determined in a field/laboratory study following application of N fertilizer (255 kg N ha^–1 as NH₄NO₃) and liquid (450 kg N ha^–1) and solid (600 kg N ha^–1) cattle manures. We measured the three proximal regulators, O₂ supply (water content, air-filled porosity), NO^–₃ concentration and C supply (CO₂ production, extractable-C content) along with denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) and NH⁺₃ concentration, using a soil core technique. Part 1 of the study involved measurements with soil cores collected from the 10-, 20-, and 40-cm depths following N-fertilizer and manure applications in the fall 1991 and spring 1992. At the 40-cm depth, denitrification rates and DEA were very low, indicating that little soluble C was leached from the manured soil. Air-filled porosity, CO₂ production and NH⁺₃ concentration were most closely related to denitrification rates at the 10- and 20-cm depths with the manure treatments. Denitrification rate with different manures depended on time (season) of application and was influenced by soil water content. Solid manure promoted denitrification for a longer period than liquid manure. In Part 2 of the study, denitrification and nitrous oxide production rates in the tilled (0–15 cm) layer were measured over a 49-d period. Both were most closely related to soil water content, but neither was related to NO^–₃ content. Peak rates of denitrification and N₂O production occurred early in the sampling period with liquid manure but later with solid manure. Cumulative production of N gases was greater with solid than liquid manure, which, in turn, produced more N gases than with the fertilizer or control treatments.

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