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Heat and Water Transfer in Compacted and Layered Soils

Faculty of Agriculture-Damanhoar, Alexandria Univ., Egypt

Robert Horton^*

Agronomy Dep., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011

^* Corresponding author (rhorton{at}iastate.edu).

ABSTRACT

Clay material is frequently used to cover landfills or to line hazardous waste disposal landfills. The cover of a landfill is usually exposed to solar radiation, which can cause desiccation and shrinkage of the landfill cover. This study presents two nonisothermal conditions (small and large surface temperature amplitudes) to evaluate heat and water transfer in closed soil columns. The small surface temperature amplitude ranged from 1.0 to 11.0°C, and the large surface temperature amplitude ranged from 15.0 to 16.0°C. Both uniformly compacted and layered soil columns were exposed to small temperature amplitudes, but large temperature amplitudes were used only with uniformly compacted soil columns. Clarinda clay (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Vertic Argiaquoll) and Fayette silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) soils were moistened to initial gravimetric water contents of 0.281 and 0.187 kg kg^–1, respectively. The moistened soil was packed into polyvinyl chloride columns (0.75 m in diameter and 0.30 m long). For uniform compacted soil columns, the bulk densities were 1.45 and 1.67 Mg m^–3 for Clarinda and Fayette soils, respectively. In the layered soil columns, the bulk densities of the upper layers (0.05 m thick) were similar to the densities in uniform compacted soil. The bulk density of the lower layers (0.25 m thick) was 1.0 Mg m^–3. A numerical model of coupled heat and water transfer predicted soil temperature and water distributions well in comparison with the measured distributions for all of the conditions. Predicted net water transfer in layered soil revealed that thermal water transfer is significant in comparison with isothermal water transfer.

Contribution from the Agronomy Dep., Iowa State Univ., Journal Paper no. J-16656 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Ames, IA 50011. Project No. 3262 and 3287. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreement (CR818519) to Iowa State Univ., it has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and therefore may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred.

Received for publication January 10, 1996.

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