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Distribution of Residual Nitrate-Nitrogen in Long-Term Fertilization Studies of an Alfisol Cropped to Cotton

Southeast Res. and Ext. Cir., Univ. of Arkansas, P.O. Box 3508, Monticello, AR 71656;

W. H. Baker

Soil Testing Laboratory, Univ. of Arkansas, P.O. Drawer 767, Marianna, AR;

B. S. Frizzell

Southeast Branch Exp. Stn., Univ. of Arkansas, P.O. Box 155, Rohwer, AR 71666.

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Nitrogen fertilizer use in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production has recently come under scrutiny as a potential source of NO^–₃ contamination of streams and groundwater. This study was conducted to evaluate the distribution of NO^–₃-N in soil cropped to continuous cotton and determine the fertilization and irrigation conditions that might exacerbate the accumulation of NO^–₃-N. Long-term N fertilization studies were conducted in five side-by-side irrigation blocks at the Southeast Branch Experiment Station at Rohwer, AR, on an Hebert silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Aeric Ochraqualf) soil. Soil samples were taken in the early spring (1994) to a depth of 1.5 m in 15-cm increments from three replicates of each N-treatment from four irrigated and one dryland block and analyzed for NO^–₃-N. Soil cropped to dryland cotton showed excessive accumulation (up to 101.2 mg NO^–₃-N kg^–1) of NO^–₃-N when treated with N rates of 67 kg N ha^–1 and greater. Soils cropped to irrigated cotton did not accumulate as much NO^–₃-N as dryland cotton. Soil NO^–₃-N was unaffected by N treatments at any depth in two of three center pivot irrigated blocks. Slight increases in soil NO^–₃-N were observed under furrow-irrigated conditions with the greatest N treatments (134 and 168 kg N ha^–1). Dryland cotton was more likely to have accumulations of NO^–₃-N in the soil profile than irrigated cotton. This was probably due to reduced plant uptake of fertilizer N under nonirrigated production conditions.

Approved for publication by the director of the Arkansas Agric. Exp. Stn.

Received for publication August 25, 1995.

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