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Soil Emissions of Nitric Oxide and Nitrous Oxide from Injected Anhydrous Ammonium and Urea

TVA, Environ. Res. Center, P.O. Box 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662-1010, and Univ. of Tennessee, West Tennessee Agric. Exp. Stn., Jackson, TN 38501.

^* Corresponding author (fcthornton{at}tva.gov).

ABSTRACT

This study characterizes soil emissions of NO and N₂O from banded applications of anhydrous ammonium (AA) and urea over the period from 6 May 1994 to 12 Sept. 1994 from a loess soil in western Tennessee. The N application rate for both sources was 168 kg ha^–1. Fertilizer type strongly influenced emissions of N₂O (F = 231; P = 0.0001) and NO (F = 69; P = 0.0001). During the 129 d measurement period, the AA treatment lost 12.33 kg of N₂O-N or 7.33% of the applied N. The N₂O-N loss from the urea treatment was about one-half that from AA; 6.34 kg ha^–1 or 3.77% of the applied N. Loss of NO-N from both treatments was small compared with N₂O-N loss. The urea treatment lost 0.27 kg ha^–1 as NO-N and the AA treatment lost 0.2 kg ha^–1 during the study period. While the measured loss rate of N₂O-N from AA is similar to previous literature estimates, our values for urea are 20 to 40 times greater than the current literature reports of N₂O-N loss of 0.1 to 0.2% of the urea applied. Higher N₂O losses from urea in this study may be related to the fact that urea was banded below the soil surface, whereas urea has been broadcast on the soil surface in other N₂O emissions studies.

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