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Adsorption and Desorption of Nicosulfuron in Soils

Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.

^* Corresponding author (l__ukrain{at}iastate.edu).

ABSTRACT

Nicosulfuron (2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide) is a new, low-rate, sulfonylurea herbicide that is being promoted for weed control in corn (Zea mays L.); however, there is a lack of published information on its behavior in soils. In this study nicosulfuron sorption was measured in batch experiments, at a 1:2 soil/solution ratio, for 10 Iowa and four Brazilian soils. Adsorption isotherms were nonlinear with K_f,ads values ranging from 0.21 to 8.78 with the highest values obtained for Iowa soils. Nicosulfuron K_f,ads values in Iowa soils were correlated with clay content (r = 0.92), while in Brazilian soils the K_f,ads values were correlated with organic C content (r = 0.97). These differences are interpreted in terms of different clay mineralogy of Iowa (expandable 2:1 clay minerals) and Brazilian soils (kaolinite, Al and Fe oxides). Nicosulfuron desorption isotherms, obtained using one-step extraction with 5 x 10^–3 M CaCl₂, were nearly single valued with adsorption isotherms in soils with pH >5.5, while hysteresis was observed in soils with pH <5.5. Up to 100% of the nicosulfuron was desorbed from Brazilian soils in one desorption step with a 2:1 acetonitrile/water mixture. Only 50 to 70% of adsorbed nicosulfuron could be desorbed with the same extractant from Iowa soils, possibly due to chemisorption of nicosulfuron on 2:1 clay minerals. This study suggests that nicosulfuron will not be highly mobile in the soils with a 2:1 clay mineralogy indicating that in such soils its potential to leach to groundwater may be lower than that of other sulfonylurea herbicides.

Journal Paper No. J-16688 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Ames, IA; Project No. 3254 and 3321, and supported by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds.

Received for publication January 3, 1996.

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